The Lombard Review
Economy Special Report

New Year: Markets want six rate cuts. They'll be disappointed

Market path vs committee

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the Financial District
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the Financial DistrictPhoto: Kidfly182 / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0

Wall Street enters 2024 in a state of euphoric anticipation, with forward markets pricing in six quarter-point interest rate reductions beginning as early as March. It is an enticing prospect, but one that sets investors up for profound disappointment. The gap between what financial markets want and what the Federal Reserve’s reaction function will tolerate has rarely been wider.

The north façade of the White House
The north façade of the White HousePhoto: Nishkid64 / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain

The Reaction Function Gap

For the Fed to deliver 150 basis points of rate cuts in 2024, the economy would need to experience either a rapid deterioration into recession or an immaculate collapse in service wage inflation. With GDP tracking above potential, unemployment below four per cent, and financial conditions loosening dramatically, aggressive easing would risk reigniting inflation. Central bankers will proceed with deliberate, frustrating caution.

The Lower Manhattan skyline from Liberty Island
The Lower Manhattan skyline from Liberty IslandPhoto: Percival Kestreltail / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0

Markets betting on six rate cuts are pricing in a monetary rescue that an economy operating at full employment neither requires nor will receive.