The Lombard Review
Markets & Finance

Bonds finally pay more than inflation

Positive real yields compress equity premium

A supermarket aisle in Vermont
A supermarket aisle in VermontPhoto: Tessa Bury / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0

The sovereign bond market has crossed a monumental psychological threshold. With ten-year US Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) breaching two per cent for the first time since the global financial crisis of 2009, risk-free capital is finally generating authentic, post-inflation purchasing power. The era of financial repression, where savers were forced into speculative assets to preserve capital, is officially over.

The Canary Wharf financial district, London
The Canary Wharf financial district, LondonPhoto: M R Karim Reza / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

The Hurdle Rate Resets

A guaranteed two per cent real return on sovereign risk resets the hurdle rate for every asset class across the global financial system. The equity risk premium, compressed to multi-decade lows, suddenly looks absurdly stingy when an investor can lock in risk-free real returns backed by the full faith and credit of the sovereign. Private equity valuations, venture capital models, and real estate cap rates must reprice to justify their risk spreads over a two per cent real baseline.

Wall Street, Manhattan
Wall Street, ManhattanPhoto: Jakub Hałun / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0

A two per cent real yield on risk-free sovereign debt is a systemic gravity well that will inexorably pull speculative multiples across equities and alternative assets back to earth.